Frances Arnold's game-changing technique of "directed evolution" creates enzymes with unusual capabilities. Her own evolution made it possible.

Innate immune sensors—known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—detect specific molecular components of bacterial or ...

Coenzyme A, a molecule derived from vitamin B5, is vital for metabolism throughout the body. Scientists discovered that most of it resides inside mitochondria, yet how it reached these cellular ...

A resurrected ancient enzyme is helping scientists test how reliably Earth’s oldest rocks record signs of life.

Scientists discovered hundreds of energy-making enzymes secretly working on human DNA—revealing a hidden “mini-metabolism” ...

Nucleotide synthesis—the production of the basic components of DNA and RNA—is essential for cell growth and division. In most animal cells, this process depends closely on properly functioning ...

More than 200 metabolic enzymes, many of which are normally tasked with producing energy in the mitochondria, are also found ...

A research team led by Associate Professor Shinpei Yamaguchi and the late Professor Masako Tada of the Faculty of Science, together with Professor Yojiro Anzai and Lecturer Yohei Iizaka of the Faculty ...

The story so far: Bio-based chemicals are industrial chemicals produced using biological feedstocks like sugarcane, corn, starch, or biomass residues, often through fermentation or enzymatic processes ...

The retina is a thin layer of neural tissue at the back of the eye that detects light and converts it into signals, sent to the brain. During development, all the specialized neurons in the ...