The supply rail normally powers a microcontroller’s voltage-reference source. In power-critical battery-operated applications, the constant drain, even of a few 10s of microamps, can be prohibitive.

What could be more basic than a voltage reference—a simple, constant reference voltage? As with all design topics, there are tradeoffs. This article discusses the different types of voltage references ...

Voltage references are available with fixed and adjustable reference voltage outputs. Adjustable output is set by a resistor divider connected to a reference pin. These references are either shunt ...

CMOS voltage reference circuits are integral to modern electronic systems, providing a stable and reproducible voltage that underpins the performance of myriad integrated devices. These circuits ...

Many embedded systems require a stable, low-noise DC reference. This reference can be a stable current or voltage source. These references are used in many ways. Some typical uses are listed as ...

Applications sometimes require the generation of a voltage that is below the reference rail. Many design engineers would just use a second regulator to generate this voltage. However, a simple change ...

Interesting parts make for interesting projects, and this nifty precision voltage reference has some pretty cool parts, not to mention an interesting test jig. The heart of [Gaurav Singh]’s voltage ...